List of years in literature (Table)
… 1644 • 1645 • 1646 • 1647 • 1648 • 1649 • 1650 •    1651 • 1652 • 1653 – 1654 – 1655 • 1656 • 1657 •    1658 • 1659 • 1660 • 1661 • 1662 • 1663 • 1664 …
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… 1651 • 1652 • 1653 – 1654 – 1655 • 1656 • 1657 … … 1620s • 1630s • 1640s – 1650s – 1660s • 1670s • 1680s … … 16th century – 17th century – 18th century …
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The year 1654 in literature involved some significant events.

Events

• Lady Dorothy Osborne plays the lead role in a country-house staging of Sir William Berkeley's tragicomedy The Lost Lady. While the London theatres remain closed, amateur theatricals continue at private houses in England. Like performances of courtly masques before 1642, many of these performances feature women, foreshadowing the acceptance of professional women performers in the early Restoration era.

New books

• Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery - Parlhenissa, a novel
• Richard Whitlock, Zootomia

Drama

• Anonymous - Alphonsus Emperor of Germany published (wrongly attributed to George Chapman)
• Richard Flecknoe - Love's Dominion
• Henry Glapthorne (?) - Revenge for Honour published (wrongly attributed to George Chapman)
• James Howell - The Nuptials of Peleus and Thetis (published)
• Thomas Jordan - Cupid His Coronation
• Thomas May - Two Tragedies, viz. Cleopatra and Agrippina (published)
• Robert Mead - The Combat of Love and Friendship (published)
• Agustín Moreto - El desdén, con el desdén (first published)
• Philippe Quinault - L'Amant indiscret
• Joost van den Vondel - Lucifer
• John Webster (& Thomas Heywood?) - Appius and Virginia (published)

Poetry

• Thomas Washbourne - Divine Poems

Births

• March - Anne Lefèvre, better known as Madame Dacier (born 1720)
• March 16 - Andreas Acoluthus, Orientalist (born 1704)

Deaths

• November 30 - William Habington, poet (born 1605)
• November 30 - John Selden, jurist, scholar (born 1584)
• John Taylor (poet) (born 1580)