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The year 1708 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Medicine

• Herman Boerhaave publishes Institutiones medicae, one of the earliest textbooks on physiology.

Technology

• A calcareous hard-paste porcelain is invented in Saxony and qualifies as a genuine porcelain.
• Dresden porcelain or Meissen porcelain is invented by Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus; however, after his death, Johann Friedrich Bottger continues his work and has often been credited with the invention.
• The orchestra thundersheet is invented by John Dennis.

Births

• October 16 - Albrecht von Haller, Swiss physician and scientist, founder of neurology (died 1777)
• October 22 - Frederic Louis Norden, Danish explorer (died 1742)

Deaths

• October 10 - David Gregory, Scottish astronomer (born 1659)
• October 11 - Ehrenfried Walter von Tschirnhaus, German mathematician (born 1651)
• October 24 - Seki Kowa, Japanese mathematician (born c. 1640)
• December 28 - Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, French botanist (born 1656)