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The year 1709 in literature involved some significant events.

Events

• The British Parliament passes the Statute of Anne, the first modern copyright act.
• Alexander Selkirk, the original Robinson Crusoe, returns to civilisation.
• The Tatler is founded by Richard Steele.

New books

• Various - The Female Tatler
• Anonymous - Memoirs of the Life and Adventures of Signor Rozelli
• Mary Astell - Bart'lemy Fair
• Thomas Baker -Reflections on Learning, showing the Insufficiency thereof in its several particulars, in order to evince the usefulness and necessity of Revelation, vol. 1
• George Berkeley - An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision
• Richard Blackmore - Instructions to Vander Beck
• Samuel Cobb - The Female Reign
• Anthony Ashley Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury - Sensus Communis (philosophy)
• Daniel Defoe - The History of the Union of Great Britain
• Charles Gildon - The Golden Spy (satire)
• White Kennett - A Vindication of the Church and Clergy of England
• William King - Miscellanies in Prose and Verse
• John Lawson - A New Voyage to Carolina
• Delarivière Manley - The New Atalantis
• William Shakespeare - The Works of Mr William Shakespear (edited by Nicholas Rowe, the first edition with scene divisions)
• John Strype - Annals of the Reformation and Establishment of Religion
• Jonathan Swift - A Famous Prediction of Merlin
  • A Project for the Advancement of Religion and the Reformation of Manners ("By a Person of Quality")
  • A Vindication of Isaac Bickerstaff
• William Temple - Memoirs: Part III (ed. Jonathan Swift)
• John Trenchard -The Natural History of Superstition

New drama

• Anthony Aston - Love in a Hurry
• Susanna Centlivre - The Busie Body
  • - The Man's Bewitch'd
• Colley Cibber - The Rival Fools
• Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon - Electre
• John Dennis - Appius and Virginia
• Thomas d'Urfey - The Modern Prophets
• Juan Claudio de la Hoz y Mota - José, salvador de Egipto
• Charles Johnson - Love and Liberty (not performed)
• Alain-René Lesage - Turcaret
• Mary Pix - The Adventures in Madrid

Poetry

• John Reynolds - Death's Vision Represented in a Philosophical Sacred Poem
• Poetical Miscellanies: The Sixth Part (aka "Tonson's Miscllanies")

Births

• April 14 - Charles Collé, dramatists
• August 7 - Jean-Jacques Lefranc, marquis de Pompignan, French poet (died 1784)
• August 29 - Jean-Baptiste-Louis Gresset, poet and dramatist (died 1777)
• September 18 - Samuel Johnson (died 1784)
• December 25 - Julien Offray de La Mettrie, French author (died 1751)
• unknown date
  • John Armstrong, poet
  • Richard Burn, legal writer
  • John Cleland, controversial English novelist (died 1789)
  • John Banks
• probable
  • James Adair, historian

Deaths

• February 15 - John Philips, poet (born 1676)
• June 30 - Edward Lhuyd, naturalist (born 1660)
• July 8 - Gustaf Adlerfelt, historian (born 1671)
• December 8 - Thomas Corneille, dramatist (born 1625)
• date unknown
  • Robert Gould, poet (born c.1660)
  • Mary Pix, dramatist (born 1666)