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The year 1729 in literature involved some significant events and new books.

Events

• Johann Sebastian Bach's St. Matthew Passion was performed for the first time.

New books

• • - The Fair Hebrew (poss. by Eliza Haywood)
• James Bramston - The Art of Politics
• Moses Browne - Piscatory Eclogues
• Henry Carey - Poems on Several Occasions
• Edward Cooke - Battel of the Poets
• Thomas Cooke - Tales, Epistles, Odes, Fables
• Hatchett, William - The Adventures of Abdalla (Translated from the French of Jean Paul Bignon (1662-1743) first published in Paris, 1712, as "Les Avantures d'Abdalla")
• Thomas Innes - Critical Essay on the Ancient Inhabitants of the Northern Parts of Britain
• Soame Jenyns - The Art of Dancing
• William Law - A Serious Call to a Devout and Holy Life (extremely popular devotional manual)
• Daniel Mace - The New Testament in Greek and English (a diaglot)
• Isaac Newton - The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (translation into English of Newton's Latin work)
• John Oldmixon - The History of England, During the Reigns of the Royal House of Stuart
• Alexander Pope - The Dunciad, Variorum
• William Pulteney - The Honest Jury
• James Ralph - Clarinda
• Elizabeth Rowe - Letters on Various Occasions
• Richard Savage - The Wanderer
• Thomas Sherlock - The Tryal of the Witnesses of the Resurrection of Jesus
• Jonathan Swift - A Modest Proposal
  • - An Epistle Upon an Epistle From a Certain Doctor to a Certain Great Lord
• William Wycherley - The Posthumous Works of William Wycherley ii. (see 1728)

Newly published drama

• Colley Cibber - Love in a Riddle
• Charles Coffey - The Beggar's Wedding
• John Gay - Polly (sequel to The Beggar's Opera, banned from performance by Walpole)
• Eliza Haywood - Frederick
• Charles Johnson - The Village Opera (opera)
• Samuel Johnson of Cheshire - Hurlothrumbo, or The Supernatural
• Thomas Odell - The Patron
  • - The Smugglers
• Thomas Southerne - Money the Mistress
• James Thomson - Britannia

Births

• January 12 - Edmund Burke (died 1797)
• January 22 - Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (died 1781)
• August 11 - Ponce Denis Écouchard Lebrun (died 1807)
• September 25 - Christian Gottlob Heyne (died 1812)
• John Duncombe
• Charlotte Lennox may have been born this year
• Bishop Thomas Percy
• Clara Reeve
• Catherine the Great

Deaths

• January 19 - William Congreve (born 1670)
• May 17 - Samuel Clarke (born 1675)
• September 1 - Richard Steele (born 1672)
• October 9 - Sir Richard Blackmore (born 1654)
• December 13 - Anthony Collins, philosopher (born 1676)
• unknown date - Gershom Carmichael (born c. 1672)
• Abel Boyer