Look up argument in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

In general parlance, an argument is a discussion involving conflicting points of view.

General types of argument

• Argument, a demonstration of a proof, or using logical reasoning for persuasion
• Argument form, the logical structure of an argument
• Argument map, a method of displaying an informal argument
• Argumentation theory, the science and theory of civil debates
• deductive argument, if valid, the conclusion follows by necessity
• inductive argument, if strong, the conclusion is, at best, probably true
• "Informal argument", in Informal logic is one presented in ordinary language
• oral argument, a verbal presentation to a judge by a lawyer
• heuristic argument, a proof or demonstration relying on experimental results, or one which is not fully rigorous
• argument of a Function (mathematics) , A specific input in a function is called an argument of the function.
• argument of a predicate, in First-order predicate logic a specific input in a predicate is called an argument of the predicate

Specific arguments

• ontological argument, a proof by intuition or reason for the existence of God
• political argument, the use of logic rather than propaganda in promoting political ideas
• practical arguments, the structure of a persuasive argument
• doublespeak argument, the use of misleading or irrelevant reasoning by one side during a debate
• javelin argument, a cosmological reasoning about the infinite size of the universe

Mathematics, science and linguistics

• In mathematics, science (including computer science), linguistics and engineering, an argument is, generally speaking, an independent variable or input to a function.
• the angular component φ of a complex number represented in polar coordinates
• argument principle, a theorem in complex analysis about meromorphic functions inside and on a closed contour
• verb argument, a phrase in a sentence that qualifies a verb
• Specific types of proofs:
  • Cantor's diagonal argument, a type of proof over an infinite domain, used to demonstrate that two sets have different cardinalities
  • probabilistic argument, a type of proof using probability theory
• argument (computer science), an input to a subprogram or subroutine
  • command-line argument, an input from a command line interface to a program
  • default argument, an actual parameter to a program that is used when no other actual parameter is provided

Other

• The Argument, a 2001 album by Fugazi
• argument (literature), the brief summary at the beginning of a section of a poem
• Closing argument -- (also called summation) is the final presentation by an attorney in court.
• grand argument story, a type of story that is intended to be conceptually complete
• Distinction without a difference
• The Argument Sketch, from Monty Python's Flying Circus
• Toulmin Model, the model of an argument
• Argumentative, a type of evidentiary objection to a question for a witness during a trial...
• Argument (ship), an Australian ship sunk in 1809.

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