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Edward
King of Portugal and the Algarve, Lord of Ceuta
17th century painting of Edward.
Reign	August 14, 1433—September 13, 1438
Full name	Duarte of Portugal
Titles	Infante of Portugal (1391–1433) Lord of Ceuta (1433–1438)
Born	October 31, 1391(1391-10-31)
Birthplace	Viseu, Kingdom of Portugal
Died	September 13, 1438 (aged 46)
Place of death	Tomar, Kingdom of Portugal
Buried	Imperfect Chapels, Monastery of Batalha, Batalha, District of Leiria, Portugal
Predecessor	John I of Portugal
Heir	Prince Afonso (future Afonso V) (1433–1438)
Successor	Afonso V of Portugal
Consort	Leonor of Aragon
Offspring	Infante João (1429–b. 1433) Infanta Filipa (1430–1439) Prince Afonso (future Afonso V) (1432–1481) Infanta Maria (1432) Infante Fernando, Duke of Viseu (1433–1470) Infanta Leonor, Holy Roman Empress (1434–1467) Infante Duarte (1435) Infanta Catarina (1436–1463) Infanta Joana, Queen of Castile (1439–1475)
Royal House	House of Aviz
Dynasty	Dynasty of Aviz (Joanine Dynasty)
Father	John I of Portugal
Mother	Philippa of Lancaster

Portuguese royalty
House of Avis

John I Children    Infante Duarte (future Edward I)    Infante Pedro, Duke of Coimbra    Henry the Navigator (Infante Henrique, Duke of Viseu)    Infanta Isabel, Duchess of Burgundy    Infante João, Lord of Reguengos    Infante Fernando, the Saint Prince    Afonso, Duke of Braganza (illegitimate)    Beatriz, Countess of Arundel (illegitimate) Grandchildren include    Infanta Isabel of Coimbra, Queen of Portugal Edward Children    Afonso, Prince of Portugal (future Afonso V)    Infante Fernando, Duke of Viseu    Infanta Leonor, Holy Roman Empress    Infanta Catarina    Infanta Joana, Queen of Castile Grandchildren include    Infante Manuel, Duke of Beja (future Manuel I)    Infanta Leonor of Viseu, Queen of Portugal Great-Grandchildren include    Jaime, Duke of Braganza, Prince of Portugal Afonso V Children include    João, Prince of Portugal    Blessed Joana, Princess of Portugal    João, Prince of Portugal (future John II) John II    Afonso, Prince of Portugal    Jorge, Duke of Coimbra (illegitimate)

Edward (Portuguese: Duarte, pronounced [duˈaɾt(ɨ)]; Viseu, 31 October 1391 – Tomar, 13 September 1438), called the Philosopher or the Eloquent, was the eleventh King of Portugal and the Algarve and second Lord of Ceuta from 1433 until his death. He was the son of John I of Portugal and his wife, Philippa of Lancaster, a daughter of John of Gaunt. His was named in honor of his great-grandfather, King Edward III of England.

As an infante, Duarte always followed his father, King João I, in the affairs of the kingdom. He was knighted in 1415, after the Portuguese capture of the city of Ceuta in North Africa, across from Gibraltar. He became king in 1433 when his father died of the plague and he soon showed interest in internal consensus. During his short reign of five years, Duarte called the Cortes (the national assembly) no less than five times to discuss internal affairs and politics. He also followed the politics of his father concerning the maritime exploration of Africa. He encouraged and financed his famous brother, Henry the Navigator who founded a "school" of maritime navigation at Sagres and who initiated many expeditions. Among these, that of Gil Eanes in 1434 first rounded Cape Bojador on the northwestern coast of Africa, leading the way for further exploration southward along the African coast.

The colony at Ceuta rapidly became a drain on the Portuguese treasury and it was realised that without the city of Tangier, possession of Ceuta was worthless. When Ceuta was lost to the Portuguese, the camel caravans that were part of the overland trade routes began to use Tangier as their new destination. This deprived Ceuta of the materials and goods that made it an attractive market and a vibrant trading locale, and it became an isolated community.

In 1437, his brothers, Henry (Henrique) and Fernando, persuaded Duarte to launch an attack on Morocco in order to get a better African base for future Atlantic exploration. The expedition was not unanimously supported: Infante Pedro, Duke of Coimbra and Infante João were both against the initiative; they preferred to avoid conflict with the king of Morocco. They proved to be right. The resulting attack on Tangier was successful, but at a great cost of men. Duarte's youngest brother, Fernando, the Saint Prince was captured, kept as a hostage, and he died later in captivity in Fez. Duarte died soon after the Tangier attack of the plague, like his father and mother (and her mother) before him.

Another less political side of Duarte's personality is related to culture. A reflective and scholarly infante, he wrote the treatises O Leal Conselheiro (The Loyal Counsellor) and Livro Da Ensinanca De Bem Cavalgar Toda Sela (The Art of Riding on Every Saddle) as well as several poems. He was in the process of revising the Portuguese law code when he died.

Ancestors

Marriages and descendants

Duarte married Eleanor of Aragon, a daughter of Ferdinand I of Aragon and Leonor Urraca of Castile, in 1428.