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Exogenous (or exogeneous) (from the Greek words "exo" and "gen", meaning "outside" and "production") refers to an action or object coming from outside a system. It is the opposite of endogenous, something generated from within the system.

• In an economic model, an exogenous change is one that comes from outside the model and is unexplained by the model. For example, in the simple supply and demand model, a change in consumer tastes or preferences is unexplained by the model and also leads to endogenous changes in demand that lead to changes in the equilibrium price. Put another way, an exogenous change involves an alteration of a variable that is autonomous, i.e., unaffected by the workings of the model.

• In linear regression, it means that the variable is independent of all other response values.

• In biology, "exogenous" refers to an action or object coming from the outside of a system. For example, an exogenous contrast agent in medical imaging refers to a liquid injected into the patient intravenously that enhances visibility of a pathology, such as a tumor.

• In biology, an exogenous factor is any material that is present and active in an individual organism or living cell but that originated outside of that organism, as opposed to an endogenous factor.
  • Exogenous factors in medicine include both pathogens and therapeutics.
  • DNA introduced to cells via transfection or viral infection (transduction) is an exogenous factor.
  • Carcinogens are exogenous factors.

• The word exogenous is also used in geology. Exogenous processes are all taking place at the outside of the Earth and all the other planets. Weathering, erosion, transportation and sedimentation are the main exogenous processes.

• In attentional psychology, exogenous refers to attention being drawn without conscious intention^[1]. An example of this would be attention drawn to a flashing light in the periphery of vision.

• In Ludology, the study of games, exogenous refers to anything outside the game itself. Therefore an item in a Massive Multiplayer Online Game would have exogenous value if people were buying it with real world money rather than in game currency (though its in game cost would be endogenous).

See also

• Endogenous
• Endogenous growth theory

References