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This is a list of the offices of heads of state, heads of government, cabinet, and legislature, of sovereign states. Date of Origin refers to most recent fundamental change in form of government, for example independence, change from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy, revolution, new constitution.

See also

• List of national legislatures
• List of national leaders

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n} In Commonwealth realms other than the UK, the Governor-General represents Queen Elizabeth II who is the official head of state.
2. ^ The Secretary-General of the General People's Congress is the nominal head of state of Libya. However, Muammar al-Gaddafi, the "Revolutionary Leader", wields de-facto head of state power.
3. ^ Kim Jong-il, as Chairman of the National Defense Commission is considered North Korea's "highest administrative authority". However, Kim Yong-nam, as President of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly does many of the duties of a Head of State. Deceased former North Korean ruler Kim Il-sung is listed as the Eternal President of the Republic.