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Poetry (from the Greek "ποίησις," poiesis, a "making" or "creating") is an art form in which language is used for its aesthetic qualities in addition to, or instead of, notional and semantic content. Poetry has a long history, and early attempts to define poetry, such as Aristotle's Poetics, focused on the various uses of speech in rhetoric, drama, song and comedy. Contemporary poets, such as Dylan Thomas, often identify poetry not as a literary genre within a set of genres, but as a fundamental creative act using language. Poetry often uses condensed forms and conventions to reinforce or expand the meaning of the underlying words or to invoke emotional or sensual experiences in the reader, as well as using devices such as assonance, alliteration and rhythm to achieve musical or incantatory effects.
French literature of the 17th century spans the reigns of Henry IV of France, the Regency of Marie de Medici, Louis XIII of France, the Regency of Anne of Austria (and the civil war called the Fronde) and the reign of Louis XIV of France. The literature of this period (the "Grand siècle") is often equated with the Classicism of Louis XIV's long reign during which France was beyond question the leading country in Europe (both politically and culturally) and the classical ideals of order, clarity, sense of proportion, and good taste were expounded -- but the century produced in fact far more than just the classicist masterpieces of Jean Racine and Madame de Lafayette.
In Renaissance France, literature (in the broadest sense of the term) was largely the product of encyclopedic humanism (works produced by an educated class of writers (both noble and bourgeois) from religious and legal backgrounds), although a new conception of nobility, modeled on the Italian Renaissance courts and their concept of the perfect courtier, began to take hold.
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Credit: Şentürk, Ahmet Atilla. Osmanlı Şiiri Antolojisi.
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Hayâlî was an Ottoman court poet and official during the 16th Century.
Edward Estlin Cummings ( October 14, 1894 – September 3, 1962), abbreviated E. E. Cummings, was an American poet, painter, essayist, and playwright. His publishers and others have sometimes echoed the unconventional capitalization in his poetry by writing his name in lower case, as e. e. cummings; Cummings himself did not approve of this rendering. Cummings is probably best known for his poems and their unorthodox usage of capitalization, layout, punctuation and syntax. There is extensive use of lower case; word gaps, line breaks and gaps appear in unexpected places; punctuation marks are omitted or misplaced, interrupting sentences and even individual words; grammar and word order are sometimes strange.
| by James Joyce |
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Frail the white rose and frail are
Her hands that gave
Whose soul is sere and paler
Than time's wan wave.
Rosefrail and fair-- yet frailest
A wonder wild
In gentle eyes thou veilest,
My blueveined child.
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A good poem is one in which the form of the verse and the joining of its two parts seem light as a shallow river flowing over its sandy bed. |
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—Matsuo Bashō
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The book Notes on Prosody by bi-lingual author Vladimir Nabokov compares differences in iambic verse in the English and Russian languages, and highlights the effect of relative word length in the two languages on rhythm. Nabokov also proposes an approach for scanning patterns of accent which interact with syllabic stress in iambic verse. Originally Appendix 2 to his Commentary accompanying his translation of Aleksandr Pushkin's Eugene Onegin, Notes on Prosody was released separately in book form. Both the translation of Eugene Onegin and Notes on Prosody sparked considerable academic debate. Nabokov is known both for his Russian language poetry and his English language prose.
| By culture, nationality or language |
American poetry, Anglo-Welsh poetry, Arabic poetry, Australian Poetry, Bengali poetry, Biblical poetry, British poetry, Canadian poetry, Chinese poetry, Cornish poetry, English poetry, Old English poetry, Finnish poetry, French poetry, Greek poetry, Guernésiais, Hebrew poetry, Indian poetry, Irish poetry, Italian poetry, Japanese poetry, Javanese poetry, Jèrriais poetry, Kannada (Indian) poetry, Korean poetry, Latin American poetry, Latino poetry, Manx poetry, Old Norse poetry, Ottoman poetry, Pakistani poetry, Persian poetry, Scottish poetry, Serbian epic poetry, Slovak poetry, Spanish poetry, Urdu poetry, Welsh poetry |
| Lists of poets |
Albanian, Afrikaans, Arabic, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese, Croatian, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Indian, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Latin, Maltese, Persian, Polish, Portugese, Punjabi, Pushtu, Romanian, Russian, Slovakian, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkic, Urdu, Welsh, Yiddish |
| Schools of poetry |
Akhmatova's Orphans, The Beats, Black Arts Movement, Black Mountain poets, British Poetry Revival, Cairo poets, Cavalier poets, Churchyard poets, Confessionalists, Cyclic Poets, Dadaism, Deep image, Della Cruscans, Dolce Stil Novo, Dymock poets, The poets of Elan, Flarf poetry, Free Academy, Fugitives, Garip, Generation of '98, Generation of '27, Georgekreis, Georgian poets, Goliard, The Group, Harvard Aesthetes, Imagism, Lake Poets, Language poets, Martian poetry, Metaphysical poets, Misty Poets, Modernist poetry, The Movement, Négritude, New Apocalyptics, New Formalism, New York School, Objectivists, Others group of artists, Parnassian poets, La Pléiade, Rhymer's Club, Rochester Poets, San Francisco Renaissance, Scottish Renaissance, Sicilian School, Sons of Ben, Southern Agrarians, Spasmodic poets, Sung poetry, Surrealism, Symbolism, Uranian poetry |
| Categories |
Poetry by nation or language, Ethnopoetics, Modernist poetry in English, Poems, Poetic form, Poetry awards, Poetry collections, Prosody, Spoken word, World War I poetry, Years in poetry, Poetry stubs |
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